Hypercapnia-induced vasodilation in the arteries acts directly on potassium channel activation on vSMCs53 or indirectly via vasodilators signalled by endothelial cells, such as nitric oxide.54 Indeed, Aβ pathology has been shown to impair potassium channel-related vasodilation in vSMCs55 and endothelial function56 in AD mice. The gene discussed is KCNA3; the disease is Alzheimer disease.