Pegaptanib (Macugen) was the first FDA-approved aptamer drug and the first therapy to target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), being approved in 2004 for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Table 1) (Gragoudas et al., 2004; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2011; Yu et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and age-related macular degeneration.