This review aims to fill this gap by critically evaluating the mechanistic evidence for the most prominent EVOO polyphenols-hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, tyrosol, verbascoside, oleocanthal, and ligustroside-in targeting key AD pathways, including Aβ and tau aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction (Figure 2). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.