However, MPO-deficient mice show a substantial microbiome shift with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induction of colitis.33 Moreover, CGD patients, who lack oxidant production in neutrophils and other phagocytes, have significantly reduced alpha diversity and increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria.34 In addition, our beta diversity data showed distinct clustering of microbiome between the MPO−/− and WT mice (Figure 4), which likewise parallels differences seen between the gut microbiomes of CGD patients and healthy cohorts. Here, MPO is linked to chronic granulomatous disease.