LARS1 and liver dysplastic nodule: At the level of specific regulatory mechanisms, protein-level studies have shown that increased lactylation at the K970 site of leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) promotes podocyte injury and apoptosis in DN by inhibiting autophagic activity; knockdown of LARS1 significantly improves renal function, suggesting that lactylation plays a critical role in DN by regulating protein function (3).