Mice transplanted with Asic3-deficient AML1-ETO9a+ cells had a significantly increased leukemia burden in PB and shorter overall survival compared with control mice (Supplemental Figure 1, Q and R).To determine how ASIC3 may influence the cell fates of LICs, we measured the frequencies of YFP+Mac-1+c-Kit+ LICs in BM of Asic3-null recipients upon serial transplantations and found there was a significant increase of Asic3-null LIC percentage from either primary or secondary recipients (Supplemental Figure 2, A–C). This evidence concerns the gene RUNX1 and leukemia.