TNF and major depressive disorder: Although there is currently no ‘gold standard’ for assessing cognitive impairment in MDD,16 the Repetitive Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is a widely used tool that evaluates multiple cognitive domains.17 The present study aimed to examine whether serum TNF-α levels were associated with the impairment of specific cognitive domains among patients with MDD, as measured by RBANS.