SAMHD1 and neoplasm: Increased SAMHD1 levels also contribute to the resistance against chemotherapeutic treatments, particularly those involving nucleoside analogs, such as cytarabine (ara-C) in the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).64,65 SAMHD1’s role in regulating intracellular dNTP levels is central to its ability to protect tumor cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy.