Lactate plays multiple roles, including energy production, the induction of an acidic environment, the stimulation of tumor growth, acidification via its uptake into cells, the production of byproducts of glutaminolysis, and signal transduction.35 However, inactivation of the lactate uptake transporter MCT4 or glutaminase 1 (GLS1) in SnCs did not affect the PGAM-Chk1-NanoBiT values (Supplementary Fig. 11a–c). The gene discussed is GLS; the disease is neoplasm.