These neuroprotective effects generalized across GLP-1RAs with variable blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability (attributable to differences in properties such as molecular size, albumin binding11, and potentially receptor-mediated transport into the brain)12 and diverse experimental conditions7, including various rodent species and strains, animal models with or without diabetes mellitus, stroke induction methods, treatment doses and regimens (initiating prior to, during, or even 1–3 days after stroke induction)8,13, indicating a robust class effect. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is stroke disorder.