Although elevated pathway mutation fractions were observed in the NRF2, PI3K, RTK-RAS, TGF-Beta, and TP53 pathways compared to others, none of the ten pathways showed statistically significant sample-level mutation frequencies (Supplementary Fig 3a; Supplementary Data 9), ultimately indicating no pan-cancer association between pathway mutation and PM. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.