To directly address whether mA3 can promote squamous differentiation, we engineered the murine urothelial carcinoma cell lines BBN963, BBN976, and UPFL.1 to express either doxycycline-inducible full-length mA3 (hereafter BBN963-mA3, BBN976-mA3, and UPFL.1-mA3) or doxycycline-inducible empty vector (hereafter BBN963-EV, BBN976-EV, and UPFL.1-EV)21,24. The gene discussed is PNMA3; the disease is urothelial carcinoma.