Lin et al. demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes enriched with let-7a-5p directly target MAP4K3 in hepatocytes, reducing TFEB phosphorylation and promoting its nuclear translocation to activate autophagy-related genes (e.g., LC3, Beclin-1) and restore autophagic flux in acute-on-chronic liver failure models [67]. Here, MAP4K3 is linked to chronic liver failure.