Chris Clarke elaborated on the regulation of nSMase2 by retinoic acid (137) and demonstrated that the enzyme is profoundly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer (138), whereas Achraf Shamseddine, an MD-PhD student, defined the regulation of transcription of nSMase2 by doxorubicin and implicated it in the DNA damage response (139). The gene discussed is SMPD3; the disease is breast carcinoma.