Accordingly, inter alia, CD82 promotes CD8+ T cell function (Kim et al., 2021), CD86 is involved in immune response to infection and regulate T cells activation (Sun et al., 2024), while MST1R is a macrophage receptor for macrophage-stimulating protein suppressing cell-mediated immune responses (Morrison et al., 2004), but most of these factors/ molecules remained to be investigated in the chicken. Here, MST1 is linked to infection.