These observations are consistent with previous reports demonstrating that enhanced FAO promotes HSC self-renewal and cancer stem cell activity, including leukemia stem cells.47–49,80,81 The increased FAO is associated with induction of a regulator of FAO that is a direct Rpl22 target, Alox12,52,82 but Alox12 is not responsible for increased FAO since its loss does not return FAO to baseline. The gene discussed is RPL22; the disease is leukemia.