In fact, when we assessed MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2) expression (a mature neuronal marker, as a proxy to neuronal maturation) after 4 weeks of co-culturing the cells (Fig. 8C c1-3) alone, with CTRL astrocytes or with AD astrocytes, we observed a significant increase (35%) in the expression of this marker when the neurons were cultured together with astrocytes, but with significant differences depending on the source of astrocytes, as AD astrocytes produced lower increase in the expression of this marker (12% reduction, p < 0.05, Fig. 8D) in comparison with control astrocytes. Here, MAP2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.