TNFSF10 and neoplasm: PVX VLPs can package diverse RNAs of various lengths (ranging up to 6.4 kb), sequence, and shape (linear mRNA vs. circRNA) – and the nucleoprotein assemblies can be formed from native or mixtures of native and His-tagged proteins thus providing a means for functionalization (e.g. in future work, targeting ligands could be introduced through complexation via Ni-NTA, similar to a previously reported study using PVX modified with TRAIL (a therapeutic protein engaging death receptors on tumor cells)31.