ACTA1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: ATsA and ATgA had similar inhibitory effects, both significantly higher than ASmA. Remarkably, ASmA and ATgA at a low concentration of 3.125 μg/ml were noticed to have a biphasic effect on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, as they induced significant cell proliferation (Fig. 3, Suppl.