In summary, these results, summarized in Table 6 and Fig. 4, suggest that the expressions of Wnt10A, JUNB, SPHK1, EDN1, and KLF4 genes are promising molecular biomarkers for HCC prognosis, with SPHK1 demonstrating the highest overall discriminatory ability and KLF4 offering the greatest specificity. Here, WNT10A is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.