OSMR and glioblastoma: OSMR was previously shown to be expressed by inflammatory fibroblasts (Smillie et al., 2019; West et al., 2017) and its activation in malignant cells promotes EMT in breast cancer and pancreatic cancer (West et al., 2014; Smigiel et al., 2017) and a mesenchymal state in glioblastoma (Hara et al., 2021).