Neurons in the CeA that express CRF have been shown to be hyperexcitable across a variety of pain conditions (Neugebauer, 2020), and modulation of CRF neurons influences pain sensitivity and anxiety responses (Mazzitelli et al., 2022; Hein et al., 2021; Ji and Neugebauer, 2020; Navratilova et al., 2019; Yakhnitsa et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CRH and Anxiety.