Indeed, within the CeA, the neuromodulator CRF has been implicated in studies of both anxiety and pain for its ability to modulate pain and fear responses (Pomrenze et al., 2019; Mazzitelli et al., 2022; Andreoli et al., 2017; Asan et al., 2005; Chudoba and Dabrowska, 2023; Ji and Neugebauer, 2008). This evidence concerns the gene CRH and Anxiety.