Moreover, modulating the activity of CeA-CRF neurons in neuropathic pain impacted emotional-affective responses to pain, with optogenetic silencing resulting in decreased responses at both acute (1 week) and chronic (4 weeks) stages, and optogenetic activation of CeA-CRF neurons in sham controls increasing emotional-affective pain responses when tested 4 weeks post-surgery (Mazzitelli et al., 2022). The gene discussed is CRH; the disease is neuropathic pain.