The ROC curves showed that SPP1 had good diagnostic potential in the RA test set (AUC = 0.805), validation set (AUC = 0.854), and cervical cancer test set (AUC = 0.895) and validation set (AUC = 0.701) (Figure 5b); LYZ had good diagnostic potential in the RA test set (AUC = 0.772) and validation set (AUC = 0.836) and cervical cancer test set (AUC = 0.875) (Figure 5c); MCM5 also had good diagnostic potential in the RA test set (AUC = 0.832) and cervical cancer test set (AUC = 0.995) and validation set (AUC = 0.780) (Figure 5d). Here, MCM5 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.