GSTA4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: GSTA4 levels are reduced in adipose tissue of obese human and mice (62, 131) and Gsta4 knockout 129/sv mice show increased malonyl-CoA expression, mitochondrial dysfunction and obesity, contributing to development of insulin resistance (131, 132) and the microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) plays a key role in regulating ferroptosis-mediated β-cell dysfunction in T2D and in diabetic cardiomyopathy (133, 134).