Bioenergetic stress, ER stress, lipid dysregulation, and autophagy defects are linked to PD progression; α-synuclein abnormalities disrupts autophagy; PINK1/Parkin mutations impair mitophagy, increasing oxidative stress; mutations in LRRK2 causes autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction, promoting PD progression. This evidence concerns the gene PRKN and Parkinson disease.