These included: advanced urothelial cancer treated with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), melanoma treated with anti-CTLA4 and/or anti-PD-1 blockade, metastatic melanoma receiving anti-CTLA4 therapy, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1), NSCLC under anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, melanoma receiving ACT, and melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.