Anti-NGF biologics, evaluated in bone cancer pain models, reduce neurogenic inflammation and may alleviate chemokine/adhesion programs that restrict leukocyte entry; because nociception and opioid therapy can shift sympathetic–vagal tone and innate immune set-points, immunomonitoring is essential when layering onto standard therapy or TRK blockade (83, 84). Here, NGF is linked to bone neoplasm.