Importantly, pan-cancer analyses in additional tumor types, including bladder carcinoma (BLCA), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD), consistently demonstrated correlations between CAPS expression and immune microenvironment remodeling (Supplementary Figures S4F,G, Supplementary Figures S4A–K). Here, CAPS is linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.