IRF4 and inflammatory bowel disease: Among the most upregulated genes were Foxp4, Tnfrsf8, and C1qtnf6, while downregulated genes included Gzmb, Irf4, and Nr4a1, etc. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated significant activation of immune-related pathways, notably cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, inflammatory bowel disease, and type I diabetes mellitus (Figure 4J).