Autoimmune attacks may engage, as dominant effectors, CD8+ T cells (e.g. T1D, vitiligo, AA (6, 92, 93)), CD4+ T cells (e.g. MS, SLE, RA, IBD, EAE, autoimmune thyroid diseases, psoriasis (94)), NK cells (e.g. AA, SLE, RA, MS, psoriasis, T1D (95, 96)) or autoantibodies (e.g. SLE, T1D, psoriasis, Grave’s disease, IBD, MS (97)). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.