Autoimmune attacks may engage, as dominant effectors, CD8+ T cells (e.g. T1D, vitiligo, AA (6, 92, 93)), CD4+ T cells (e.g. MS, SLE, RA, IBD, EAE, autoimmune thyroid diseases, psoriasis (94)), NK cells (e.g. AA, SLE, RA, MS, psoriasis, T1D (95, 96)) or autoantibodies (e.g. SLE, T1D, psoriasis, Grave’s disease, IBD, MS (97)). Here, CD4 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.