In CKD patients, the accumulation of uremic toxins and chronic immune activation drive the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (Coyne et al., 2017; David et al., 2016). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is chronic kidney disease.