This strategy is supported by evidence that drugs such as cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil have been shown to enhance COX-2 expression in preclinical models such as lung and colorectal cancer, which not only enhances tumor cell survival, invasion, and angiogenesis, but also drives the production of prostaglandin E2 to increase inflammation and recruit immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, thereby limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (Bell et al., 2022; Bell and Zelenay, 2022). The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is colorectal cancer.