Mabrouk et al. also observed that the growth and spread of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can be retarded by inhibiting tumor-associated inflammatory factors (e.g., COX-2, IL-6, TGF-β), and by modulating the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which helps to attenuate the immune escape mechanism of tumors. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and neoplasm.