The mechanism of COX-2-PGE2 pathway promoting progression in malignant tumors through immunosuppression has been continuously explored (Pu et al., 2021), providing a new strategy for COX-2 inhibitor combination immunotherapy (Kosaka et al., 2023; Veltman et al., 2010), and the development of some celecoxib derivatives has also provided some mechanism exploration for non-COX-2 dependence (Tan et al., 2021; Sigler et al., 2025), which may be a new path, but the efficacy of celecoxib combined with immunotherapy needs to be verified by more clinical trials. Here, PTGS2 is linked to cancer.