GAL and depressive disorder: Previous studies demonstrated that intracerebroventricular administration of GAL (1–15) at 3 nmol, significantly increased immobility by 44% and decreased climbing behavior by 46%, with similar effects observed at 6 nmol, indicating a pronounced depression-like phenotype [Millón, 2014, A role for galanin N-terminal fragment (1–15) in anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in rats].