Similarly, Otsuka et al. analyzed 170 NSCLC biopsies and found that CXCR4 overexpression in stage IV NSCLC correlated with significantly worse survival, particularly in females, suggesting that CXCR4-targeted therapy may be especially beneficial in advanced lung cancer patients (Otsuka et al., 2011). Here, CXCR4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.