CXCL12 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Similarly, Xing et al. reported that lidocaine, a local anesthetic, inhibits CXCR4-mediated migration in NSCLC by disrupting CXCL12-induced cytoskeletal remodeling, reducing intracellular Ca2+ release, and altering actin polymerization (Xing et al., 2022).