Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the relationship between the GNRI and the risk of MACCEs remained consistent across various patient strata, including age, sex, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, current smoking status, LVEF, LDL-C, Hb, WBC, PLT, ALT, AST, FPG, Cr, number of CTO vessels, number of stents implanted, overall stent length, and contrast volume, with no significant interactions observed (all P for interaction > 0.05) (Figure 4). Here, GSTM1 is linked to hypertensive disorder.