In VHL-associated sHB, a higher MIB-1 index (≥ 2%) correlated with an increased risk of local tumor progression (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.49–0.98), whereas this was not observed in sporadic cases (AUC 0.56, 95% CI 0.23–0.88). Here, MIB1 is linked to neoplasm.