TNF and fibrosis: Havin said that, i.p or p.o administered SPION-RLX significantly attenuated pro-fibrotic Treg infiltration, LV inflammation and pro-inflammatory mediator (TNF-α, IL-1β) expression levels, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, TGF-β1 expression, myofibroblast accumulation, interstitial collagen deposition (fibrosis) and related systolic dysfunction when administered to ISO-injured mice.