In the anti-tumor field, Cirsiliol exhibits inhibitory effects in various tumor models, including oral cancer, esophageal squamous carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and colon cancer, by suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis (such as upregulating Bax, downregulating Bcl-2 and p53), and regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and STAT3 pathways11–15. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.