PPARA and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: The results showed that, compared to the normal group, the expression levels of PPAR-α (p < 0.01), p-AMPK (p < 0.01), and its downstream target CPT1 (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the heart tissue of DCM mice (Fig. 5B-D), indicating that the PPAR-α/AMPK pathway activity is significantly suppressed in the diabetic state.