EFNA1 and neoplasm: In the qRT-PCR analysis, no significant differences were observed for EFNA1, a tumour-promoting gene, or for integrin β1, a well-characterised adhesion-related gene, as well as CTGF and CCND1 (encoding cyclin D1), both of which are upregulated by YAP nuclear translocation when the Hippo pathway is inactivated.