LCN2 and infection: Using early (day 5) and late (day 20) infection status, early (day 5) and late (day 20) Lipocalin-2 levels, and late fecal butyrate levels (day 20), and correlating them with the different probiotic treatments (ARO112 and EcN) and control treatment (PBS), we see that only ARO112 treatment is positively associated with late increased butyrate (healthy marker), and negatively associated with early and late increased Lipocalin-2 levels and late infection status (disease markers) (Supplementary Fig. 7a).