We obtained the same results when we compared Tregs from children with T1D to Treg-like cells in Foxp3-/- mice68,69 and bona fide human Tregs after their key transcriptional regulators FOXP3, HIVEP2, IKZF2 (Helios), or SATB1 were knocked-out70 (Supplementary Fig. 17B, C). This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.