INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: To check whether the downregulation of effector genes and upregulation of naïve genes in children with T1D is associated with the disease severity, we carried out the comparison of differential expression between children with T1D at T0 who suffered from ketoacidosis and those who did not, and between T1D who fulfilled or not the criterion of partial clinical remission (insulin dose adjusted HbA1c < 944,45) (Supplementary Fig. 12A–D).