MMP2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: CAMSAP3 knockdown in NSCLC lines (H460, A549, H23) has been shown to increase the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1β (HIF-1β) and its downstream targets vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, thereby promoting NSCLC invasiveness [25].