Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that CSC marker genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to breast cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, HIF-1 signaling, PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint regulation, and ErbB signaling (Fig. 2G). Here, AKT1 is linked to breast carcinoma.