SMAD4 and central nervous system cancer: The ubiquitination and degradation of proteins, such as FOXO1, SMAD4, P53, and XAF1, have been reported to mediate the malignant behavior of TRIM47 in promoting various cancers, including glioma, colon cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (11, 17, 18, 19).