Western blotting results showed that the expression of Nrf2, HO-1and NQO1 was reduced in the DKD group compared with the control groupt, the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1was elevated after intervention with GSPE and Fer-1 compared to the DKD group (Fig 2H-K). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.