In diabetic db/db mice, dietary supplementation with mulberry fruit extract (MFE) for 12 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c and improved insulin resistance, as evidenced by enhanced HOMA-IR and upregulation of hepatic insulin signaling markers, including insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, p-AKT, and p-AMPK (Choi et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.