Cross‐validated SNPs rs16969968/rs12914385, cis‐regulatory hubs for COPD–lung cancer pathogenesis, colocalized with ρ‐HESS‐identified regions, mechanistically linking dysregulation of PSMA4, IREB2, CHRNA3, and CHRNA5 to disease etiology (Data S26). This evidence concerns the gene IREB2 and lung carcinoma.