INS and polycystic ovary syndrome: Probiotic supplementation also significantly reduces weight, BMI, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, hirsutism, and total testosterone levels in PCOS patients, without affecting dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels, as well as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (Tabrizi et al., 2022).