Probiotic supplementation increased serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels by a considerable amount in PCOS patients, normalized menstrual cycles, and significantly decreased serum total testosterone, demonstrating the efficacy of multi-strain probiotics, along with dietary and lifestyle changes, in treating PCOS (Karamali et al., 2018; Kaur et al., 2022). Here, SHBG is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.