MMP14 and neoplasm: Moreover, hierarchical clustering of the top 20 genes commonly enriched in tumor tissues and GbPDTOs, selected from the GeneCards database relevance scores (Fig. 3D), revealed prominent upregulation of CD276, matrix metallopeptidase 14 (MMP14), endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1), and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), all of which are implicated in immune modulation, ECM remodeling, and hypoxia responses [21–23].