TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Additionally, biologics such as TNF-α inhibitors (e.g., etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab), IL-6R antagonists (tocilizumab), and T-cell co-stimulation modulators (abatacept) effectively suppress inflammation and joint damage in RA, but such treatments tend to palliate the symptoms rather than the root causes and may increase long-term risks of infections and cardiovascular events (60–64).